Page 8 - 2021 Policy Watch

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Policy Watch: A Milestone in Legal Development: China Promulgates a Civil Code

the Tort Liability Law and the General Provisions of the a. 娉?????瑙???告?瑙ｉ????璋??棰?
Civil Law, have been incorporated into the Civil Code.
Therefore, these nine laws will cease to be in effect 涓???藉?涓诲腑涔??骞虫??猴?瑕???跺?????虫?
when the Civil Code takes effect. The other 23 laws will 浜??娉?В???浣夸????娉??????虫?寰??瀹??
remain effective, with the Civil Code. 绮剧?淇??涓??达?缁??姘??娉????????6??负
姝わ???楂?汉姘???㈠??㈠??ㄥ??拌??????591
2. Judicial Interpretations 浠跺?娉?В???139浠舵?瀵兼?ф?渚?????ユ?渚??
琛???㈡?????ㄨ??扮??告?瑙ｉ??跺?宸ヤ?锛?‘
China, as a country with a civil law system, depends 淇????娉?????涓?姝ｇ‘瀹????
largely on codified law. Nevertheless, aside from the
laws and regulations of the national legislative organs, ??楂?汉姘???㈡????娉?В????烘????锛????
the judicial authorities issue judicial interpretations 涓?锛??浜??褰??姝㈢?锛????楂?汉姘???㈠??ゅ?
and explanation of the law4 and specify leading cases5. ???瀹¤????甯??姝㈡????绗??锛??浜????慨
The actions of the judicial institution, particularly the ?圭?锛?慨?瑰????浜ゆ?楂?汉姘???㈠??ゅ????
Supreme People?? Court??, is binding on the courts just 瀹¤???????甯??浜?2021骞?1??1?ュ??姐??富瑕?
as if it was legislation from the National People?? Con- ???涓ょ?褰㈠?锛?????瑕??寮?????寰??绉般??
gress. Therefore, China has a mixed system of codes ?℃?搴????釜???瀛???轰慨?癸?浜??杩??瑕?慨
and statutes; together with judicial interpretations and ?逛釜?????〃杩帮??????姝?釜??????绗??锛?
leading cases, which comprehensively encompass the 灞????ぇ淇??????充?浣??瑕?慨?瑰?娉?В???
law in China. 绉帮?杩??瑕???跺??℃?杩??澶ц?妯′慨?癸????
???绫诲?涓??娉?В???琛??骞朵慨?癸?姣?????
a. Problems of Harmonizing Codes, Statutes and Ju- ????????????????淇???????濮绘??????
dicial Interpretations ?告?瑙ｉ?绛????绫诲?娉?В???瑕??娓??瀹????
???涓??瀹?慨璁㈣??????????瀹??锛?????
Recently, Xi Jinping, China?? Chairman, required that 灞??搴??淇??????充????娉?????瀹???茬?
relevant civil judicial interpretations be promptly im- ???娉?В???2021骞?1??1?ョ户缁??????????
proved to be consistent with the Civil Code the relevant 濡?????楂?汉姘???㈠?浜??????腑??汉姘????
?藉???????骞查?棰??瑙ｉ?(浜?)???浜?????
4 The Right of Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People?? Court 瑙??锛????浜?汉渚?????娉??涓??句?????＄?
can be dated back to the Article 33 of the Law on the Organization of 浜?????瀹??璇锋?浜烘?娉??澧??杩?害???锛??
the People?? Courts published on 5th July 1979, which provided that ??????绾???伴?浠ヤ?瓒??瀹????け棰?负????
??he Supreme People?? Court gives interpretation on questions concern- 澧??杩?害??互???褰??浜哄?璇锋?瀵规?璧????け
ing specific application of laws and decrees in judicial proceedings.?? ???浜烘?娉??涓??????????????????涓???
Later, the Resolution of the Standing Committee of the National Peo- 涓?????″??с???娉?????浜?????浜??锛??
ple?? Congress Providing an Improved Interpretation of the Law (passed 淇???ㄥ?锛??浣????病?????????锛????楂?
on 10th June 1981). Article 2 reads, ??nterpretation of questions in- ?㈡病????版????娉?В??????搴????????
volving the specific application of laws and decrees in court trials shall 璇ュ?娉?В???娆句??舵????绗??锛?????涓??
be provided by the Supreme People?? Court. Interpretation of questions 浠??寰???ラ??????娉?В???濡???朵?娉??姝?
involving the specific application of laws and decrees in the procurato- ?ㄦ????瑕?慨璁㈢?锛??瀹??ヤ?淇??锛????璇ユ?
rial work of the procuratorates shall be provided by the Supreme People?? 寰?慨?归?甯?????搴??琛??娉?В??慨?癸?濡??
Procuratorate. If the interpretations provided by the Supreme People?? ???娉???崇?涓???告?瑙ｉ??℃???7??
Court and the Supreme People?? Procuratorate have discrepancies in
principle, they shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the 6 涔??骞?2020骞?5??29?ュ????灞?腑澶??娌诲?绗???????
National People?? Congress for interpretation or decision.?? 浣??涔?????璇?
5 The Law on the Organization of the People?? Courts (amended on 7 ??楂?汉姘???㈢?绌跺???富浠婚????2020骞?11??27?モ??
26th October 2018), Article 18 provides that ??he Supreme People?? ???娉?????????ぇ??????浼??????〃???涓衡???娉?
Court may provide interpretations on specific application of law related ?稿??戒??告?瑙ｉ?娓?????瀹?伐浣????璁?
to trials. The Supreme People?? Court may issue leading cases.?? This
provision defines the leading cases.

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