Page 5 - 2021 Policy Watch
P. 5
The American Chamber of Commerce in South China
From the Qin dynasty to the Qing dynasty, a period of 浠庣Е鏈濆埌娓呮湞杩戜袱鍗冨骞达紝涓浗涓€鐩翠娇鐢ㄤ腑鍥�
about 2000 years, China was governed by traditional 浼犵粺娉曞緥鍒跺害锛屽鏃ユ湰銆侀煩鍥藉拰瓒婂崡绛夋湁鐫€娣�
Chinese law, a system that influenced law in Japan, Ko- 杩滃奖鍝嶃€傝嚜鍙や互鏉ワ紝杩欎釜鍘嗗彶鎮犱箙銆佸瘜鏈夋垚鏋�
rea and Vietnam, the longest successful legal system in 鐨勪紶缁熸硶寰嬪埗搴︼紝缁堜簬鍦�1911骞磋緵浜ラ潻鍛借蛋鍒�
history, which came to an end with the Xinhai Revolu- 浜嗗敖澶淬€傚嵆渚垮湪杈涗亥闈╁懡鍓嶏紝娓呮斂搴滀篃寮€濮嬩簡
tion of 1911. Even before the Revolution, the Qing 涓€绯诲垪瀵逛紶缁熶腑鍥芥硶寰嬬幇浠ｅ寲鐨勬帾鏂斤紝娌堝鏈�
government began a program of modernizing tradi- 绛変紬澶氭澃鍑烘硶瀛﹀瀵逛紶缁熸硶寰嬬殑鏀瑰彉璧烽噸瑕佷綔
tional Chinese law and various persons, such as the out- 鐢ㄣ€傚湪姘戝浗鏃舵湡鑷�1949骞�10鏈�1鏃ラ棿锛屽閮ㄦ柊
standing legal scholar, Shen Jiaben, were instrumental 娉曞緥鍑哄彴骞跺疄鏂姐€備絾1949骞�10鏈�1鏃ユ柊涓浗鎴�
in bringing about change in traditional law. During 绔嬶紝搴熼櫎鍘熸湁鐨勬墍鏈夋硶寰嬫硶瑙勶紝寮€濮嬫柊鐨勬硶寰�
the Republican period, until 1st October 1949, many 鍒跺害鍙戝睍銆傝繖涓柊鐨勫埗搴﹀湪1957骞村墠澶ч儴鍒嗗湪
new laws were drafted and some implemented. How- 鑻忚仈娉曞緥鐨勫熀纭€涓婂彂灞曘€佽捣鑽夈€佺珛娉曪紝濡傘€�
ever, on 1st October 1949, China abolished all previ- 鏀挎硶鐮旂┒銆嬫硶寰嬪懆鍒娿€�1950骞撮甯冦€婂濮绘硶銆�
ous laws and regulations and commenced development 锛�1954骞撮甯冦€婂娉曘€嬨€�1浣嗙珛娉曠殑杩涚▼鍦ㄤ笂
of a new legal system. This new system, based in large 涓栫邯浜斿崄骞翠唬鍚庢湡閬埌浜嗏€滃乏鍊锯€濃€滃ぇ璺冭繘鈥�
part on Soviet law, progressed until 1957, developing 鐨勬尗鎶橈紝娉曞埗鍙戝睍姝㈡涓嶅墠銆傜洿鍒�1976骞存枃闈�
draft legislation, legal journals such as Zhengfa Yanjiu 缁撴潫鍚庯紝灏ゅ叾鏄湪1978骞村悗锛屾硶鍒惰繘绋嬫墠姝ュ叆
(Study of Politics and Law) and enacting the Marriage 閲嶅惎闃舵銆傛鍓嶏紝闄や簡瀵瑰浗鏈変紒涓氱殑瑙勫畾澶栵紝
Law of 1950 and a reasonable Constitution in 1954.1 灏卞彧鏈�1950骞淬€婂濮绘硶銆嬨€併€婃儵娌诲弽闈╁懡鏉�
However, these developments came to a dramatic end 渚嬨€嬪拰鏈畬鍠勭殑銆婂娉曘€嬨€�
in the late fifties during the Anti-Rightist Movement
and the Great Leap Forward, which was a great leap 涓浗浠庡叕鍏冨墠221骞寸殑绉︽湞鑷冲叕鍏�1911骞撮棿灏�
backwards for legal development. Not until 1976 with 宸茬粡鏈夋硶鍏革紝浣嗗苟闈炴皯娉曞吀銆�2灏界浼犵粺娉曞緥
the end of the Cultural Revolution and indeed more
properly until 1978, did the legal institutions begin to 1 瑙佸寘鎭掋€婂叡浜т富涔変腑鍥藉徃娉曟満鏋勭殑涓昏鍙戝睍瓒嬪娍涓庡垜
recover. Prior thereto, except for regulations for State 娉曟湰璐ㄣ€嬶紝鍥介檯涓庢瘮杈冩硶瀛ｅ垔锛�1962骞达級锛屽勾搴﹂噸瑕佹枃
Owned Enterprises (鈥淪OE鈥�), the only publicly pro- 绔狅紝涓浗鍏变骇涓讳箟鏀垮簻閲嶅嵃锛屾樁寰峰嫆锛屼笁钘╁競锛�1966骞�
mulgated laws were the Marriage Law of 1950, the 2 闀挎湡浠ユ潵锛屽鍥戒汉璁や负涓浗鍦ㄥ彜浠ｆ病鏈夋皯娉曞拰姘戜簨璇�
Counter-Revolutionary Regulations and a poor quality 璁笺€傚疄闄呬笂锛屼腑鍥藉湪鍙や唬鏈夎澶氶噸瑕佺殑姘戞硶鍜屾皯浜嬭瘔
Constitution. 璁笺€傝鍖呮亽銆�1789-1985骞存贰姘淬€佹柊绔瑰熀灞傚鍒や腑姘戜簨绋�
搴忓強瀹炶返鐨勮嫢骞叉柟闈€€嬶紙銆婁簹娲茬爺绌躲€�1971骞存湀鍒婄涓�
1 See David C. Buxbaum, Preliminary Trends in the Develop- 鍗佹湡绗�255椤碉級銆傝鏂囩珷鍒嗘瀽浜嗗湪娓呮湞鍦版柟瀹樺簻妗ｆ涓彲
ment of the Legal Institutions of Communist China and the Nature 浠ュ彂鐜帮紝鍦版柟瀹樺憳澶勭悊鐨勪笁鍒嗕箣涓€妗堜緥閮芥槸姘戜簨璇夎銆�
of the Criminal Law, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 鎴戠殑杩欑瘒鏂囩珷寮曡捣寰堝ぇ鍙嶅搷锛屽苟鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉啀鐗堛€傚彟澶栵紝鍙�
(1962), lead article for the year, reprinted in Government of Commu- 浠ｅ涵瀹″浠ョ殑涓€浜涘垜缃氾紝濡傛灧鍒戯紝鍦ㄥ鍥戒汉鐪嬫潵锛屼腑鍥�
nist China, Chandler, San Francisco in 1966. 娉曞緥寰堟畫蹇嶄笖涓嶆垚鐔熴€傚悗鏉ヤ粠鍙版咕澶у鐨勬澃鍑哄鑰呮埓鐐�
杈夋暀鎺堛€佹渶閲嶈鐨勬槸鏀挎硶澶у寮犳檵钘╂暀鎺堝強鍏跺鐢熺殑鐮�
绌朵腑锛屾垜浠彲浠ヤ簡瑙ｅ埌鍙や唬涓浗娉曞緥婧愯繙娴侀暱銆佸崥澶х簿
娣便€�
5
