Page 5 - 2021 Policy Watch

The American Chamber of Commerce in South China
From the Qin dynasty to the Qing dynasty, a period of
about 2000 years, China was governed by traditional
Chinese law, a system that influenced law in Japan, Ko-
rea and Vietnam, the longest successful legal system in
history, which came to an end with the Xinhai Revolu-
tion of 1911. Even before the Revolution, the Qing
government began a program of modernizing tradi-
tional Chinese law and various persons, such as the out-
standing legal scholar, Shen Jiaben, were instrumental
in bringing about change in traditional law. During
the Republican period, until 1st October 1949, many
new laws were drafted and some implemented. How-
ever, on 1st October 1949, China abolished all previ-
ous laws and regulations and commenced development
of a new legal system. This new system, based in large
part on Soviet law, progressed until 1957, developing
draft legislation, legal journals such as Zhengfa Yanjiu
(Study of Politics and Law) and enacting the Marriage
Law of 1950 and a reasonable Constitution in 1954.1
However, these developments came to a dramatic end
in the late fifties during the Anti-Rightist Movement
and the Great Leap Forward, which was a great leap
backwards for legal development. Not until 1976 with
the end of the Cultural Revolution and indeed more
properly until 1978, did the legal institutions begin to
recover. Prior thereto, except for regulations for State
Owned Enterprises (??OE??), the only publicly pro-
mulgated laws were the Marriage Law of 1950, the
Counter-Revolutionary Regulations and a poor quality
Constitution.
1 See David C. Buxbaum, Preliminary Trends in the Develop-
ment of the Legal Institutions of Communist China and the Nature
of the Criminal Law, International and Comparative Law Quarterly
(1962), lead article for the year, reprinted in Government of Commu- 代庭审å?以ç?ä¸?äº??ç½??å¦??????¨å??½äºº???ï¼?¸­??
nist China, Chandler, San Francisco in 1966.
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