Page 215 - 2017 White Paper
P. 215
The American Chamber of Commerce in South China
2.3 鍒堕€犱笟
鏈烘璁惧涓� 铏界劧鏈烘琛屼笟鎸佺画澧為暱锛屼絾鏄紝鐢变簬鏈烘浜у搧杩�
鍙ｅ閫熻緝蹇紝2011骞翠腑鍥芥満姊拌涓氬皢浼氶潰涓磋锤鏄撻€�
鎹柊 鍗� 缃� 鎶� 閬� 锛� 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 1 0 骞� 锛� 涓� 鍥� 鏈� 姊� 宸� 涓� 宸€傛牴鎹腑鍥芥満姊板伐涓氳仈鍚堜細锛岄€犳垚璐告槗閫嗗樊鐨勫叾浠�
鎬讳骇鍊间粠1.44涓囦嚎鍏冨闀垮埌14.38涓囦嚎鍏冿紝鎸� 鍘熷洜杩樺寘鎷姇鍏ユ垚鏈笂鍗囥€佽瀺璧勫洶闅惧拰鍔冲姩鍔涙垚鏈�
缁闀跨巼杈�25%銆傚湪鍚屼竴鏃舵湡鍐咃紝浠�2001骞翠腑鍥� 涓婂崌绛夈€傚敖绠″姝わ紝璇ヨ涓氭€婚攢鍞棰勮澧為暱灏嗚秴杩�
鏈烘宸ヤ笟浼佷笟鏁伴噺34000瀹躲€佽祫浜ф€诲€�2涓囦嚎鍏冿紝 10% (Xinhua 2011a)銆�
鍙戝睍鍒�2010骞翠紒涓氭暟閲�107000瀹躲€佽祫浜ф€诲€�10涓�
浜垮厓 (National Population and Family Planning 涓浗鍟嗗姟閮ㄦ満鐢靛拰绉戞妧浜т笟鍙稿徃闀垮紶楠ュ湪鍚屽勾鎸�
Commission of China 2011)銆� 鍑猴紝鈥滈珮绉戞妧浜у搧鍗犲浗瀹舵満姊颁笌鐢靛瓙浜у搧鍑哄彛鐨勬瘮閲�
浠嶇劧杈冨皬鈥濓紝鎵€浠モ€滐紙涓浗锛夊緢澶氶珮绔満姊拌澶囦粛鐒�
鏍规嵁涓浗鍥藉缁熻灞€鍑虹増鐨勩€婁腑鍥界粺璁″勾閴� 闇€瑕佷緷璧栬繘鍙ｂ€� (China Daily 2010a)銆�
2009銆嬶紝鍦�2008骞达紝鏈烘涓庣數姘旇澶囦笟1鍒涢€犵殑鎬绘敹
鍏ヨ揪鍒�14.8涓囦嚎鍏冧汉姘戝竵锛屽叏鍥芥満姊颁笌鐢垫皵璁惧涓氳 閽堝涓婅堪涓嶈冻锛屽浗瀹舵彁渚涒€滃垱鏂板拰鐮斿彂鐨勫法澶у
妯′互涓�2浼佷笟鏈�120106瀹讹紝鍖呮嫭鍥芥湁浼佷笟銆佸浗鍐呯钀� 鍔扁€濓紝骞堕紦鍔辫鈥滅敱浜庡浗瀹舵墿澶у熀纭€璁炬柦寤鸿锛屾満姊�
浼佷笟鍜屽璧勪紒涓� (China Statistics Press 2009)銆� 浼佷笟搴旇鍊熸鏈轰細鎻愬崌浠栦滑鐨勬妧鏈拰鎻愰珮绔炰簤鍔涒€濄€�
杩樻彁鍒帮紝鏀垮簻灏嗙Н鏋佽瀺鍏ョ爺绌舵満鏋勮皟鏌ュ伐涓氫骇鍝佸紑鍙�
鍦ㄤ笂杩版暟鎹腑锛屽璧�3浼佷笟鏁伴噺杈惧埌59244瀹讹紝 鍛ㄦ湡骞惰皟鏁寸◣鏀舵斂绛栦互鈥滈紦鍔辨満姊板嚭鍙ｅ強鍏抽敭鎶€鏈拰
鍒涢€犵殑鏀跺叆杈惧埌4涓囦嚎鍏冧汉姘戝竵銆傚湪鍏ㄥ浗2600涓囧姵 鏈烘闆堕儴浠剁殑杩涘彛鈥� (Xinhua 2009)銆�
鍔ㄥ姏涓紝澶栬祫浼佷笟闆囩敤浜�710涓囷紙绾﹀崰鎬绘暟鐨�27%锛�
(China Statistics Press 2009)銆� 涓轰簡搴斿杩欎簺鍙樺寲锛屽叏鍥芥斂鍗忎富甯淳搴嗘灄鍋氬嚭鎵�
绀猴紝鎸囧嚭鏈烘宸ヤ笟搴旇鈥滄彁楂樹骇涓氳川閲忓強杩愯惀鏁堢巼锛�
2008骞村垵锛屼腑鍥芥満姊板伐涓氳仈鍚堜細鍓細闀挎弿杩版満姊� 鍔犲揩骞惰喘閲嶇粍锛屾墦閫犺涓氬法澶达紝鎻愰珮浼佷笟鎶楅闄╄兘
琛屼笟鐨勫己鍔插闀挎椂璇村埌锛屸€滄垜浠凡缁忓崌绾т骇鍝侊紝鎻愰珮 鍔涒€� (Xinhua 2011b)銆�
浜嗘満姊板埗閫犱笟鐨勬暣浣撴按骞斥€� (Zheng 2008)銆傝鍓細
闀挎寚鍑猴紝鍦ㄥ緢澶氶鍩燂紝鍥藉唴浼佷笟宸茬粡鍦ㄦ妧鏈笂鍙栧緱寰� 2012骞撮棿锛屼腑鍥芥満姊板伐涓氱殑鐢熶骇鍜屾秷璐瑰潎闈复
澶х殑杩涙锛岃妭鑳藉噺鎺掑瀷璁惧銆佸熀纭€璁惧鍜屾暟鎺ф満搴婄瓑 鏇村姞涓ュ郴鐨勫舰鍔裤€傛潵鑷笂娴烽暱姹熻瘉鍒稿叕鍙哥殑璇佸埜鍒嗘瀽
棰嗗煙灏辨槸寰堝ソ鐨勪緥瀛愩€� 甯堝紶鎴愶紙闊筹級璇达紝鈥滀腑鍥芥満姊拌涓氭澶勪簬鎺㈠簳杩囩▼鈥�
(Kubota and Xu 2012)銆�
2008骞村勾搴曪紝涓浗鐨勬満姊颁笌鐢垫皵璁惧鍑哄彛鎬婚鎺�
鍚嶄笘鐣岀浜岋紱2009骞达紝涓浗鎴愪负鏈烘涓庣數姘旇澶囩涓€ 姣斿璇达紝鈥滄棩鏈寲鎺樻満鐢熶骇鍟嗗皬鏉惧埗浣滄墍鈥︹€﹂
鍑哄彛澶у浗 (China Daily 2010b)銆傚叾涓璧勪紒涓氱殑鍑� 璁′腑鍥戒粖骞寸鍥涘搴﹀寤虹瓚鍜岀熆灞辫澶囩殑闇€姹備笅闄�
鍙ｉ鍗犳€婚噺鐨�69.4%锛堝嚭鍙ｆ€诲€肩害涓�4940浜跨編鍏冿級 40%鈥濓紝鑰屸€滐紙灏忔澗锛夌殑涓浗绔炰簤瀵规墜涓変竴閲嶅伐鈥︹€�
(Ibid.)銆� 鍏竷绗笁瀛ｅ埄娑︿笅璺屽皢杩�60%鈥� (Kubota and Xu
2012)銆�
1 鎴戜滑鎶娿€婁腑鍥界粺璁″勾閴淬€嬮噷鐨勫叚涓伐涓氬垎绫诲綊涓衡€滄満姊颁笌鐢垫皵璁�
澶囦笟鈥濓紝鍖呮嫭鈥滀竴鑸敤閫旀満姊扮敓浜р€濓紝鈥滅壒娈婄敤閫旀満姊扮敓浜р€濓紝 2012骞�10鏈堬紝鍏ㄧ悆鏈€澶х殑鎷栨媺鏈哄拰鎸栨帢鏈哄埗閫�
鈥滀氦閫氳澶囩敓浜р€濓紝鈥滅數姘旀満姊板拰璁惧鐢熶骇鈥濓紝鈥滈€氫俊璁惧銆佽绠� 鍟嗗崱鐗瑰郊鍕掑叕鍙糕€滆皟闄�2012骞撮浼扳€濓紝鏄粖骞翠互鏉ョ
鏈哄強鍏朵粬鐢靛瓙璁惧鐢熶骇鈥濓紝浠ュ強鈥滆閲忚澶囥€佹枃鍖栨椿鍔ㄥ強鍔炲叕鏈烘 浜屾璋冩暣銆傝鍏徃鎸囧嚭锛岀涓夊搴﹀叕鍙稿湪涓浗鐨勯攢鍞�
鐢熶骇鈥濄€備笅鏂囦粠銆婁腑鍥界粺璁″勾閴淬€嬪紩鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍧囦负鍘熸枃鍏宸ヤ笟鍒� 閫熷害鈥滄斁缂擄紝鑰屼笖灏氭湭鍑虹幇鏀瑰彉杩硅薄鈥� (Kubota and
绫荤殑鏁版嵁鎬诲拰銆� Xu 2012)銆�
2 姝ゅ鈥滆妯′互涓娾€濅紒涓氭寚鐨勬槸涓昏惀涓氬姟骞存敹鍏ヨ秴杩�500涓囧厓浜烘皯 鍏ㄧ悆瀵逛腑鍥借繎鏈熸満姊板伐涓氬競鍦烘櫘閬嶄繚鎸佹偛瑙�
甯佺殑浼佷笟銆� 鎬佸害锛屾棩绔嬮泦鍥㈡墽琛屽壇鎬昏涓潙璞婃槑锛圱oyoaki
3 姝ゅ澶栬祫浼佷笟涓€绫诲寘鎷湪棣欐腐銆佹境闂ㄣ€佸彴婀惧湴鍖烘垚绔嬬殑浼佷笟銆� 215
2.3 鍒堕€犱笟
鏈烘璁惧涓� 铏界劧鏈烘琛屼笟鎸佺画澧為暱锛屼絾鏄紝鐢变簬鏈烘浜у搧杩�
鍙ｅ閫熻緝蹇紝2011骞翠腑鍥芥満姊拌涓氬皢浼氶潰涓磋锤鏄撻€�
鎹柊 鍗� 缃� 鎶� 閬� 锛� 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 1 0 骞� 锛� 涓� 鍥� 鏈� 姊� 宸� 涓� 宸€傛牴鎹腑鍥芥満姊板伐涓氳仈鍚堜細锛岄€犳垚璐告槗閫嗗樊鐨勫叾浠�
鎬讳骇鍊间粠1.44涓囦嚎鍏冨闀垮埌14.38涓囦嚎鍏冿紝鎸� 鍘熷洜杩樺寘鎷姇鍏ユ垚鏈笂鍗囥€佽瀺璧勫洶闅惧拰鍔冲姩鍔涙垚鏈�
缁闀跨巼杈�25%銆傚湪鍚屼竴鏃舵湡鍐咃紝浠�2001骞翠腑鍥� 涓婂崌绛夈€傚敖绠″姝わ紝璇ヨ涓氭€婚攢鍞棰勮澧為暱灏嗚秴杩�
鏈烘宸ヤ笟浼佷笟鏁伴噺34000瀹躲€佽祫浜ф€诲€�2涓囦嚎鍏冿紝 10% (Xinhua 2011a)銆�
鍙戝睍鍒�2010骞翠紒涓氭暟閲�107000瀹躲€佽祫浜ф€诲€�10涓�
浜垮厓 (National Population and Family Planning 涓浗鍟嗗姟閮ㄦ満鐢靛拰绉戞妧浜т笟鍙稿徃闀垮紶楠ュ湪鍚屽勾鎸�
Commission of China 2011)銆� 鍑猴紝鈥滈珮绉戞妧浜у搧鍗犲浗瀹舵満姊颁笌鐢靛瓙浜у搧鍑哄彛鐨勬瘮閲�
浠嶇劧杈冨皬鈥濓紝鎵€浠モ€滐紙涓浗锛夊緢澶氶珮绔満姊拌澶囦粛鐒�
鏍规嵁涓浗鍥藉缁熻灞€鍑虹増鐨勩€婁腑鍥界粺璁″勾閴� 闇€瑕佷緷璧栬繘鍙ｂ€� (China Daily 2010a)銆�
2009銆嬶紝鍦�2008骞达紝鏈烘涓庣數姘旇澶囦笟1鍒涢€犵殑鎬绘敹
鍏ヨ揪鍒�14.8涓囦嚎鍏冧汉姘戝竵锛屽叏鍥芥満姊颁笌鐢垫皵璁惧涓氳 閽堝涓婅堪涓嶈冻锛屽浗瀹舵彁渚涒€滃垱鏂板拰鐮斿彂鐨勫法澶у
妯′互涓�2浼佷笟鏈�120106瀹讹紝鍖呮嫭鍥芥湁浼佷笟銆佸浗鍐呯钀� 鍔扁€濓紝骞堕紦鍔辫鈥滅敱浜庡浗瀹舵墿澶у熀纭€璁炬柦寤鸿锛屾満姊�
浼佷笟鍜屽璧勪紒涓� (China Statistics Press 2009)銆� 浼佷笟搴旇鍊熸鏈轰細鎻愬崌浠栦滑鐨勬妧鏈拰鎻愰珮绔炰簤鍔涒€濄€�
杩樻彁鍒帮紝鏀垮簻灏嗙Н鏋佽瀺鍏ョ爺绌舵満鏋勮皟鏌ュ伐涓氫骇鍝佸紑鍙�
鍦ㄤ笂杩版暟鎹腑锛屽璧�3浼佷笟鏁伴噺杈惧埌59244瀹讹紝 鍛ㄦ湡骞惰皟鏁寸◣鏀舵斂绛栦互鈥滈紦鍔辨満姊板嚭鍙ｅ強鍏抽敭鎶€鏈拰
鍒涢€犵殑鏀跺叆杈惧埌4涓囦嚎鍏冧汉姘戝竵銆傚湪鍏ㄥ浗2600涓囧姵 鏈烘闆堕儴浠剁殑杩涘彛鈥� (Xinhua 2009)銆�
鍔ㄥ姏涓紝澶栬祫浼佷笟闆囩敤浜�710涓囷紙绾﹀崰鎬绘暟鐨�27%锛�
(China Statistics Press 2009)銆� 涓轰簡搴斿杩欎簺鍙樺寲锛屽叏鍥芥斂鍗忎富甯淳搴嗘灄鍋氬嚭鎵�
绀猴紝鎸囧嚭鏈烘宸ヤ笟搴旇鈥滄彁楂樹骇涓氳川閲忓強杩愯惀鏁堢巼锛�
2008骞村垵锛屼腑鍥芥満姊板伐涓氳仈鍚堜細鍓細闀挎弿杩版満姊� 鍔犲揩骞惰喘閲嶇粍锛屾墦閫犺涓氬法澶达紝鎻愰珮浼佷笟鎶楅闄╄兘
琛屼笟鐨勫己鍔插闀挎椂璇村埌锛屸€滄垜浠凡缁忓崌绾т骇鍝侊紝鎻愰珮 鍔涒€� (Xinhua 2011b)銆�
浜嗘満姊板埗閫犱笟鐨勬暣浣撴按骞斥€� (Zheng 2008)銆傝鍓細
闀挎寚鍑猴紝鍦ㄥ緢澶氶鍩燂紝鍥藉唴浼佷笟宸茬粡鍦ㄦ妧鏈笂鍙栧緱寰� 2012骞撮棿锛屼腑鍥芥満姊板伐涓氱殑鐢熶骇鍜屾秷璐瑰潎闈复
澶х殑杩涙锛岃妭鑳藉噺鎺掑瀷璁惧銆佸熀纭€璁惧鍜屾暟鎺ф満搴婄瓑 鏇村姞涓ュ郴鐨勫舰鍔裤€傛潵鑷笂娴烽暱姹熻瘉鍒稿叕鍙哥殑璇佸埜鍒嗘瀽
棰嗗煙灏辨槸寰堝ソ鐨勪緥瀛愩€� 甯堝紶鎴愶紙闊筹級璇达紝鈥滀腑鍥芥満姊拌涓氭澶勪簬鎺㈠簳杩囩▼鈥�
(Kubota and Xu 2012)銆�
2008骞村勾搴曪紝涓浗鐨勬満姊颁笌鐢垫皵璁惧鍑哄彛鎬婚鎺�
鍚嶄笘鐣岀浜岋紱2009骞达紝涓浗鎴愪负鏈烘涓庣數姘旇澶囩涓€ 姣斿璇达紝鈥滄棩鏈寲鎺樻満鐢熶骇鍟嗗皬鏉惧埗浣滄墍鈥︹€﹂
鍑哄彛澶у浗 (China Daily 2010b)銆傚叾涓璧勪紒涓氱殑鍑� 璁′腑鍥戒粖骞寸鍥涘搴﹀寤虹瓚鍜岀熆灞辫澶囩殑闇€姹備笅闄�
鍙ｉ鍗犳€婚噺鐨�69.4%锛堝嚭鍙ｆ€诲€肩害涓�4940浜跨編鍏冿級 40%鈥濓紝鑰屸€滐紙灏忔澗锛夌殑涓浗绔炰簤瀵规墜涓変竴閲嶅伐鈥︹€�
(Ibid.)銆� 鍏竷绗笁瀛ｅ埄娑︿笅璺屽皢杩�60%鈥� (Kubota and Xu
2012)銆�
1 鎴戜滑鎶娿€婁腑鍥界粺璁″勾閴淬€嬮噷鐨勫叚涓伐涓氬垎绫诲綊涓衡€滄満姊颁笌鐢垫皵璁�
澶囦笟鈥濓紝鍖呮嫭鈥滀竴鑸敤閫旀満姊扮敓浜р€濓紝鈥滅壒娈婄敤閫旀満姊扮敓浜р€濓紝 2012骞�10鏈堬紝鍏ㄧ悆鏈€澶х殑鎷栨媺鏈哄拰鎸栨帢鏈哄埗閫�
鈥滀氦閫氳澶囩敓浜р€濓紝鈥滅數姘旀満姊板拰璁惧鐢熶骇鈥濓紝鈥滈€氫俊璁惧銆佽绠� 鍟嗗崱鐗瑰郊鍕掑叕鍙糕€滆皟闄�2012骞撮浼扳€濓紝鏄粖骞翠互鏉ョ
鏈哄強鍏朵粬鐢靛瓙璁惧鐢熶骇鈥濓紝浠ュ強鈥滆閲忚澶囥€佹枃鍖栨椿鍔ㄥ強鍔炲叕鏈烘 浜屾璋冩暣銆傝鍏徃鎸囧嚭锛岀涓夊搴﹀叕鍙稿湪涓浗鐨勯攢鍞�
鐢熶骇鈥濄€備笅鏂囦粠銆婁腑鍥界粺璁″勾閴淬€嬪紩鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍧囦负鍘熸枃鍏宸ヤ笟鍒� 閫熷害鈥滄斁缂擄紝鑰屼笖灏氭湭鍑虹幇鏀瑰彉杩硅薄鈥� (Kubota and
绫荤殑鏁版嵁鎬诲拰銆� Xu 2012)銆�
2 姝ゅ鈥滆妯′互涓娾€濅紒涓氭寚鐨勬槸涓昏惀涓氬姟骞存敹鍏ヨ秴杩�500涓囧厓浜烘皯 鍏ㄧ悆瀵逛腑鍥借繎鏈熸満姊板伐涓氬競鍦烘櫘閬嶄繚鎸佹偛瑙�
甯佺殑浼佷笟銆� 鎬佸害锛屾棩绔嬮泦鍥㈡墽琛屽壇鎬昏涓潙璞婃槑锛圱oyoaki
3 姝ゅ澶栬祫浼佷笟涓€绫诲寘鎷湪棣欐腐銆佹境闂ㄣ€佸彴婀惧湴鍖烘垚绔嬬殑浼佷笟銆� 215
