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6 White Paper on the Business Environment in China
for retrieving and sorting scrap materials, trading, processing, Works Cited
distribution and shipping, anti-pollution measures, waste
management training, scientific and technological research 1 “U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, January
and development, and public services. Phase two involved the 2008.” U.S. Geological Survey. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
construction of a 26.5 ha deep processing area at a cost of 515 pubs/commodity/cement/mcs-2008-cemen.pdf.
million yuan. And phase three, covering 253 ha and costing
2 billion yuan, will expand the park’s resource-retrieval and 2 “China’s Rubber Consumption to Grow Over 10 Percent This Year.”
deep-processing capabilities.” People’s Daily. January 6, 2006 http://english.peopledaily.com.
cn/200601/06/eng20060106_233283.html.
China Recycling Development, China’s top recycling
company, was founded with State Council backing in May 1989. 3 Wan Zhihong. “Industry Gets New Guidelines.” China
In addition to Neijiang, the report says, the company “has bases Daily. November 15, 2007. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/
all over the country, including Qingyuan, Guangdong Province; bizchina/2007-11/15/content_6256056.htm.
Luoyang, Henan Province; Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; Linyi,
Shandong Province; Lingwu, Yinchuan in the Ningxia Hui 4 “Coal Supply Sufficient for 2006 Demand.” Xinhua.
Autonomous Region; Tangshan, Hebei Province; Xian, Shaanxi November 30, 2005. http://sg2.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/
Province; and facilities in Heilongjiang and Jiangxi Provinces.” chinanews/200511/20051100920034.html.
The report points out that recycling permits in China are 5 Mason H. Soule, Jeffrey S. Logan, and Todd A. Stewart. “Trends,
difficult to obtain, issued only in limited numbers on a provincial Challenges, and Opportunities in China’s Cement Industry.”
basis, which accounts for the pseudo-monopoly of CRD and March 2002. The World Business Council for Sustainable Devel-
fragmentation of smaller players. That CRD has national opment.
coverage, says the report, “is proof that it has full state approval.”
6 Tong Hao. “China’s Cement Exports Down 12.91% in 2008.”
According to the report, “Neijiang no doubt hoped China Daily. April 1, 2009. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/
to formalize the sector by inviting one of China’s leading bizchina/2009-04/01/content_7640144.htm.
companies to the city. Plans call for the recycling park in
Niupengzi to recycle 1.85 million tons of resources a year from 7 Zheng Lifeng. “China’s Cement Consumption Expected to
2 million electrical and electronic devices and 50,000 scrapped Grow 6.3% in 2009.” China Daily. March 2, 2009. http://www.
automobiles. This, it is hoped, should generate sales of 10 billion chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-03/02/content_7527574.htm.
yuan and profits of 200 million yuan, creating 1.9 billion yuan
in tax revenue and jobs for 20,000 people.” 8 “Eliminate Outdated Capacity, A Tough Fight in Cement Industry.”
Cement Tech. http://www.cementtech.org/en/shownews.
China’s “Green Fence” asp?id=185.
China “sent shock waves through the global recycling mar-
9 Liu Yiyu “Large Cement Companies Set to Cash In.” China Daily.
ket [in February 2013] when it announced it would no longer August 10, 2010. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/usa/2010-
be accepting poorly sorted or dirty shipments of recyclable 08/10/content_11130318.htm.
waste from foreign exporters.”46
10 Meng Jing. “Anhui Conch is Going Global to Boost Output.”
Enforcement of the new policy, dubbed “Operation Green China Daily. November 3, 2011. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/
Fence,” reportedly led to the rejection of “800,000 tons of re- usa/business/2011-11/03/content_14028496.htm.
cyclables or scrap” in its first seven months. During that time,
“customs officials [conducted] rigorous checks have suspended 11 “China Cement Output Up 19.6% in H1.” Xinhua. August 3,
the import licenses of 247 companies.”46 2011.http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-
08/03/c_131027337.htm .
The revocation of those licenses is expected to “force smaller
outfits out of business, making environmental regulation easier 12 “China to Rein in Cement Overcapacity.” China Cement.
for the government.”46 August 26,2009.http://www.cementchina.net/news/shownews.
asp?id=6051.
Whereas “China’s demand for low-cost recycled raw
materials has meant waste shipments from Europe, the US, Japan
and Hong Kong arrived thick and fast, with scrap becoming
the top US export to China by value ($11.3bn) in 2011,”46 the
new policy appears to have motivated American and European
industry players to explore more extensive recycling operations
on their home turfs. As a result, say some executives, China may
have sparked a new wave of innovation in the industry47
184
for retrieving and sorting scrap materials, trading, processing, Works Cited
distribution and shipping, anti-pollution measures, waste
management training, scientific and technological research 1 “U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, January
and development, and public services. Phase two involved the 2008.” U.S. Geological Survey. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
construction of a 26.5 ha deep processing area at a cost of 515 pubs/commodity/cement/mcs-2008-cemen.pdf.
million yuan. And phase three, covering 253 ha and costing
2 billion yuan, will expand the park’s resource-retrieval and 2 “China’s Rubber Consumption to Grow Over 10 Percent This Year.”
deep-processing capabilities.” People’s Daily. January 6, 2006 http://english.peopledaily.com.
cn/200601/06/eng20060106_233283.html.
China Recycling Development, China’s top recycling
company, was founded with State Council backing in May 1989. 3 Wan Zhihong. “Industry Gets New Guidelines.” China
In addition to Neijiang, the report says, the company “has bases Daily. November 15, 2007. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/
all over the country, including Qingyuan, Guangdong Province; bizchina/2007-11/15/content_6256056.htm.
Luoyang, Henan Province; Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; Linyi,
Shandong Province; Lingwu, Yinchuan in the Ningxia Hui 4 “Coal Supply Sufficient for 2006 Demand.” Xinhua.
Autonomous Region; Tangshan, Hebei Province; Xian, Shaanxi November 30, 2005. http://sg2.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/
Province; and facilities in Heilongjiang and Jiangxi Provinces.” chinanews/200511/20051100920034.html.
The report points out that recycling permits in China are 5 Mason H. Soule, Jeffrey S. Logan, and Todd A. Stewart. “Trends,
difficult to obtain, issued only in limited numbers on a provincial Challenges, and Opportunities in China’s Cement Industry.”
basis, which accounts for the pseudo-monopoly of CRD and March 2002. The World Business Council for Sustainable Devel-
fragmentation of smaller players. That CRD has national opment.
coverage, says the report, “is proof that it has full state approval.”
6 Tong Hao. “China’s Cement Exports Down 12.91% in 2008.”
According to the report, “Neijiang no doubt hoped China Daily. April 1, 2009. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/
to formalize the sector by inviting one of China’s leading bizchina/2009-04/01/content_7640144.htm.
companies to the city. Plans call for the recycling park in
Niupengzi to recycle 1.85 million tons of resources a year from 7 Zheng Lifeng. “China’s Cement Consumption Expected to
2 million electrical and electronic devices and 50,000 scrapped Grow 6.3% in 2009.” China Daily. March 2, 2009. http://www.
automobiles. This, it is hoped, should generate sales of 10 billion chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-03/02/content_7527574.htm.
yuan and profits of 200 million yuan, creating 1.9 billion yuan
in tax revenue and jobs for 20,000 people.” 8 “Eliminate Outdated Capacity, A Tough Fight in Cement Industry.”
Cement Tech. http://www.cementtech.org/en/shownews.
China’s “Green Fence” asp?id=185.
China “sent shock waves through the global recycling mar-
9 Liu Yiyu “Large Cement Companies Set to Cash In.” China Daily.
ket [in February 2013] when it announced it would no longer August 10, 2010. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/usa/2010-
be accepting poorly sorted or dirty shipments of recyclable 08/10/content_11130318.htm.
waste from foreign exporters.”46
10 Meng Jing. “Anhui Conch is Going Global to Boost Output.”
Enforcement of the new policy, dubbed “Operation Green China Daily. November 3, 2011. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/
Fence,” reportedly led to the rejection of “800,000 tons of re- usa/business/2011-11/03/content_14028496.htm.
cyclables or scrap” in its first seven months. During that time,
“customs officials [conducted] rigorous checks have suspended 11 “China Cement Output Up 19.6% in H1.” Xinhua. August 3,
the import licenses of 247 companies.”46 2011.http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-
08/03/c_131027337.htm .
The revocation of those licenses is expected to “force smaller
outfits out of business, making environmental regulation easier 12 “China to Rein in Cement Overcapacity.” China Cement.
for the government.”46 August 26,2009.http://www.cementchina.net/news/shownews.
asp?id=6051.
Whereas “China’s demand for low-cost recycled raw
materials has meant waste shipments from Europe, the US, Japan
and Hong Kong arrived thick and fast, with scrap becoming
the top US export to China by value ($11.3bn) in 2011,”46 the
new policy appears to have motivated American and European
industry players to explore more extensive recycling operations
on their home turfs. As a result, say some executives, China may
have sparked a new wave of innovation in the industry47
184